What does a brownout refer to?

A brownout refers to a decrease in voltage supply rather than a complete loss of electricity. This phenomenon can occur when there is a high demand for power and the supply cannot meet that demand, resulting in a drop in voltage. During a brownout, the lights may dim, appliances may not function optimally, and sensitive electronic devices can experience problems. This can happen intentionally as a way for utility companies to manage load or prevent a complete power failure.

In contrast to other power-related terms, a brownout specifically highlights a reduction in power quality, as opposed to a total power loss, which would be a blackout, or a sudden increase in power, which would refer to a surge. Understanding this distinction helps in identifying how electrical systems function and the types of power-related issues that can arise.